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This is about structural geology, featuring concepts of crust deformation. Structural geology involves the study of how the earth got this way and is a study of the earth's architecture.
Deformation involves the concepts force and stress, types of stress, how rocks deform, strikes and dips, folds, dip slip faults, strike slip faults, and joints.
Force is that which tens to put stationary objects in motion or change the motions of moving bodies. Stress is the amount of course applied to a given area. When stress is applied unequally in different directions, it is termed difffferential stress. Differential stress that shortens a rock body is known as compressional stress.
When stress tends to elongate or pull apart a rock unit, it is known as tentional stress. Differential stress may also make a rock to shear. When stress causes irreversible change in the shape and size of a rock body, it's called strain. Unfortunately, strained rock bodies don't retain the original configuration during deformation.
Temperature and confining pressue is discussed here, tackling brittle failure or brittle deformation. Ductile deformation is a kind of solid state flow that makes a change in the shape and size of an object w/o fracturing, as occurs w/ brittle failure.
Key vocabularies: anticline, basin, brittle failure, brittle deformation, compression, deformation, detachment, differential strain, dip, dip-slip fault, dome, ductile deformation, fault, fault-block mountail, fault scarp, fold, force, graben, half graben, hogback, horst, joint, klippe, monocline, normal fault, reverse fault, rock structure, shear. strain, stress, strike, strike slip fault, syncline, tentional stress, thrust fault, transform fault.
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